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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(2): 91-94, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716259

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the use of optical and nonoptical aids during reading and writing activities in individuals with acquired low vision. Methods: This study was performed using descriptive and cross-sectional surveys. The data collection instrument was created with structured questions that were developed from an exploratory study and a previous test based on interviews, and it evaluated the following variables: personal characteristics, use of optical and nonoptical aids, and activities that required the use of optical and nonoptical aids. Results: The study population included 30 subjects with acquired low vision and visual acuities of 20/200-20/400. Most subjects reported the use of some optical aids (60.0%). Of these 60.0%, the majority (83.3%) cited spectacles as the most widely used optical aid. The majority (63.3%) of subjects also reported the use of nonoptical aids, the most frequent ones being letter magnification (68.4%), followed by bringing the objects closer to the eyes (57.8%). Subjects often used more than one nonoptical aid. Conclusions: The majority of participants reported the use of optical and nonoptical aids during reading activities, highlighting the use of spectacles, magnifying glasses, and letter magnification; however, even after the use of these aids, we found that the subjects often needed to read the text more than once to understand it. During writing activities, all subjects reported the use of optical aids, while most stated that they did not use nonoptical aids for such activities. .


Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de auxílios ópticos e não ópticos na leitura e na escrita de pessoas com baixa visão adquirida. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo descritivo, tipo transversal. O instrumento de coleta de dados continha questões estruturadas, desenvolvidas em estudo exploratório e teste prévio e foi aplicado por entrevista, onde foram investigadas as seguintes variáveis: características pessoais, uso de auxílios ópticos e não ópticos, atividades para as quais utiliza auxílios ópticos e não ópticos. Resultados: A população foi composta por 30 sujeitos com baixa visão adquirida, com acuidade visual entre 20/200 a 20/400. A maioria dos sujeitos declarou fazer uso de algum tipo de auxílio óptico (60,0%). Desses 60,0%, a maioria (83,3%) citou os óculos como o auxílio óptico mais usado. A maioria (63,3%) dos sujeitos relatou fazer uso de auxílios não ópticos e os mais citados foram a ampliação de letras (68,4%), seguidos da aproximação dos objetos aos olhos (57,8%). Os sujeitos ressaltaram o uso de mais de um auxílio não óptico. Conclusão: A maioria informou utilizar os auxílios ópticos e não ópticos nas atividades de leitura, evidenciando o uso de óculos e da lupa manual, assim como da ampliação de letras, mas mesmo utilizando tais auxílios verificou-se que os sujeitos necessitavam ler o texto mais de uma vez para terem a compreensão do mesmo. Para a realização das atividades de escrita, a totalidade dos sujeitos declarou utilizar os auxílios ópticos, enquanto que a maioria declarou não utilizar auxílios não ópticos nessas atividades. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Eyeglasses , Reading , Vision, Low/rehabilitation , Writing , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154492

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anterior teeth fracture among visually impaired individuals. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was carried out among 103 blind individuals (70 males and 33 females), with age ranges from 10 years to 29 years, the survey was carried out according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and by using WHO classification for teeth fracture. All subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of whether they are partially sighted or totally blind. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square test, with keeping the level of significance at P < 0.05. Results: Overall prevalence of 34.95% of traumatic injuries to anterior teeth was found in the study population with no significant difference between both groups (P < 0.05). Female were having significantly more fracture than males (P < 0.005). Fall being indoor was the most common cause. Permanent maxillary central incisors were most commonly injured with injuries involving enamel and dentin being the most frequently observed. Increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were significantly associated with the occurrence of trauma (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental injuries in a group of individuals with blind. This should alert caregivers to carry out a profound investigation of the events and suggest methods to reduce this type of morbidity.

3.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 26(4): 537-544, nov.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539912

ABSTRACT

A deficiência visual congênita, que pode levar à cegueira, tem sido vista como risco para a interação mãe-bebê e para o desenvolvimento psicológico da criança. O bebê que nasce com uma deficiência visual acentuada tem uma relação diferenciada com o mundo, sendo que outras vias de comunicação e percepção terão de ser ativadas para que ele alcance o desenvolvimento. Os pais são de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento desse bebê, o qual, mais do que nunca, necessita deles para entrar em contato com seu ambiente. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é revisar a produção científica na área de intervenção precoce com pais e bebês que apresentam deficiência visual congênita. Para isto, identificam-se controvérsias teóricas acerca do desenvolvimento destes bebês, aspectos da intervenção que favorecem a interação pais-bebê e dificuldades metodológicas dos estudos nesta área.


The congenitally impaired vision that can result in blindness is a risk factor for mother-baby interaction and for the child's psychological development. The visually impaired or blind baby has a different interaction with the world, so alternative ways of communication and perception must be activated to allow for development. Thus, the parents have an important role in their child's development, as the baby needs them more than ever to begin making contact with the outside world. The aim of this article is to review the scientific production in the area of early intervention with blind babies and their parents. To this end, we have identified theoretical discussions concerning the development of blind babies, early intervention issues to help parent-baby interaction and methodological difficulties with these studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Early Intervention, Educational , Family Relations , Visually Impaired Persons
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